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TZNAME:America/New_York EDT END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20270314T030000 RDATE:20271107T010000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:America/New_York EDT END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20280312T030000 RDATE:20281105T010000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:America/New_York EDT END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20290311T030000 RDATE:20291104T010000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:America/New_York EDT END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20300310T030000 RDATE:20301103T010000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:America/New_York EDT END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20310309T030000 RDATE:20311102T010000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:America/New_York EDT END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20320314T030000 RDATE:20321107T010000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:America/New_York EDT END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20330313T030000 RDATE:20331106T010000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:America/New_York EDT END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20340312T030000 RDATE:20341105T010000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:America/New_York EDT END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20350311T030000 RDATE:20351104T010000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:America/New_York EDT END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20360309T030000 RDATE:20361102T010000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:America/New_York EDT END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20370308T030000 RDATE:20371101T010000 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:America/New_York EDT END:DAYLIGHT END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT UID:248cb276b90262637e41281816a9c4f9 CATEGORIES:RuCCS Colloquia:Spring 2020 CREATED:20190919T110542 SUMMARY:"Analogy-making: A fallible but fertile necessity", Emmanuel Sander (University of Geneva, Psychology and Educational Sciences) LOCATION:Busch Campus\, Psych 105 DESCRIPTION:Home Page (https://www.unige.ch/fapse/idea/en/members/sander/)\n \n \nAbstract: Analogy-making might appear as a specific reasoning tool drawn on only under special circ umstances. Building on our co-authored book with Douglas Hofstadter (Hofsta dter & Sander, 2013), we will argue at this conference that analogy is rather the machinery that allows us to use our past fluidly to orient ourse lves in the present. We, human beings, are constantly faced with a swirling and intermingling multitude of ill-defined situations. Our brain’s job is to try to make sense of this unpredictable, swarming chaos of stimuli. How does it do so? The ceaseless hail of inputs trigger analogies, helping us t o pinpoint the essence of what is going on. Often they can be the spontaneo us evocation of words, sometimes idioms, sometimes the triggering of namele ss, long-ago buried memories. Why did two-year-old Camille proudly exclaim, “I undressed the orange!”? Why do people who hear a story often blurt out “Exactly the same thing happened to me!” when it was a completely different event? What in a friend’s remark triggers the offhand reply, “That’s just sour grapes”? What did Albert Einstein see that made him suspect that light consists of particles when a century of research had driven the final nail in the coffin of that long-dead idea? Through multitudes of analogies over our lives, we build a great number of robust, flexible categories; through analogies we retrieve apt categories based on subtle cues that reveal what counts in a situation and what doesn't. In this way we survive in the worl d, understand the world and enjoy the world. Although analogical thought is not deductive, analogies constantly provide us with insightful inferences, leading us to make hypotheses about new situations on the basis of experie nce with situations in our past. By focusing on the constantly churning cog nitive mechanisms normally hidden from view, involving langage, memory, rea soning, decision-making, conceptual development, learning, and by discoveri ng in them one invariant core—the incessant, unconscious quest for strong a nalogical links to past experiences—this conference will put forth a new vi sion about the act of thinking. \n \nRecommended Reading:\nHofstadter, D., & Sander, E. (2013). Surfaces and Essences: Analogy as the fuel and fir e of thinking. New York, Basic Books\nGros, H., Thibaut, J. P., & Sande r, E. (in press). Semantic congruence in arithmetic: A new model for word p roblem solving. Educational Psychologist.\nGvozdic, K., & Sander, E. (2 020). Learning to be an opportunistic word problem solver: Going beyond inf ormal solving strategies. ZDM Mathematics Education. Advance online publicati on \nRaynal, L., Clément, E., & Sander, E. (2020). Are superficiall y dissimilar analogs better retrieved than superficially similar disanalogs ? Acta Psychologica. Advance online publication (https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0001691819301957?via%3Dihub)\n X-ALT-DESC;FMTTYPE=text/html:
Abstract: Analogy-making might appea r as a specific reasoning tool drawn on only under special circumstances. B uilding on our co-authored book with Douglas Hofstadter (Hofstadter & S ander, 2013), we will argue at this conference that analogy is rather the m achinery that allows us to use our past fluidly to orient ourselves in the present. We, human beings, are constantly faced with a swirling and intermi ngling multitude of ill-defined situations. Our brain’s job is to try to ma ke sense of this unpredictable, swarming chaos of stimuli. How does it do s o? The ceaseless hail of inputs trigger analogies, helping us to pinpoint t he essence of what is going on. Often they can be the spontaneous evocation of words, sometimes idioms, sometimes the triggering of nameless, long-ago buried memories. Why did two-year-old Camille proudly exclaim, “I undresse d the orange!”? Why do people who hear a story often blurt out “Exactly the same thing happened to me!” when it was a completely different event? What in a friend’s remark triggers the offhand reply, “That’s just sour grapes” ? What did Albert Einstein see that made him suspect that light consists of particles when a century of research had driven the final nail in the coff in of that long-dead idea? Through multitudes of analogies over our lives, we build a great number of robust, flexible categories; through analogies w e retrieve apt categories based on subtle cues that reveal what counts in a situation and what doesn't. In this way we survive in the world, understan d the world and enjoy the world. Although analogical thought is not deducti ve, analogies constantly provide us with insightful inferences, leading us to make hypotheses about new situations on the basis of experience with sit uations in our past. By focusing on the constantly churning cognitive mecha nisms normally hidden from view, involving langage, memory, reasoning, deci sion-making, conceptual development, learning, and by discovering in them o ne invariant core—the incessant, unconscious quest for strong analogical li nks to past experiences—this conference will put forth a new vision about t he act of thinking.
Recommended Reading: strong>
Hofstadter, D., & Sander, E. (2013). Surfaces and Essences: Analogy as the fuel and fire of thinking. New York, Basic Books
Gros, H., Thibaut, J. P., &am p; Sander, E. (in press). Semantic congruence in arithmetic: A new mode l for word problem solving. Educational Psychologist.
Gvozdic, K ., & Sander, E. (2020). Learning to be an opportunistic word proble m solver: Going beyond informal solving strategies. ZDM Mathematics Ed ucation. Advance online publication
Raynal, L., Clément, E., & Sander, E. (2020). Are superficially dissimilar analogs better retriev ed than superficially similar disanalogs? Acta Psychologica. Advance online publication
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